Ocular manifestations of connective tissue diseases in patients attending clinics in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Northwestern Nigeria

Hajara A. Kawu

Authors

Hajara A. Kawu Department of Ophthalmology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH), Kano, Nigeria

Keywords:

Connective tissue diseases, Ocular manifestations, Nigeria

Abstract

Purpose: The study determined the ocular manifestations of connective tissue diseases in Nigerian patients.

Methods: A single-centre cross-sectional study conducted at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, northwestern Nigeria. Study participants were patients aged 18years and above who had already been diagnosed with connective tissue diseases (CTDs). Participants were interviewed and examined; and data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data obtained was analysed using IBM SPSS version 22, Armonk, NY.

Results: A total of 140 patients were recruited and examined. Of these, 123 (87.9%) were females, and 17 (12.1%) were males (M:F =1:7 ), with mean age of 37.1±13.9 years. Majority of them (86.4%) had ocular manifestations. The commonest type of CTDs with ocular manifestation was rheumatoid arthritis (43.8%), followed by systemic lupus erythematosus (28.5%) and systemic sclerosis (6.6%). Among the patients with ocular manifestations, 70 (57.9%), presented with dry eye disease, 17 (14.0%) had cataract, 10 (8.3%) had episcleritis and 7 (5.8%) had keratitis. Dry eye syndrome (55%), cataract (13.3%) and episcleritis (5.0%) were found to be more frequent in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. There was a statistically significant association between the presence of CTD-related ocular manifestations and female gender (p<0.001).

Conclusion: Dry eye syndrome, episcleritis, keratitis and cataract were frequent ocular manifestations of CTDs. Periodic ophthalmic examination is important for patients with CTDs.

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