The Socio-demographic and clinical profiles of patients with primary open angle glaucoma in Gwagwalada, Nigeria

Abdulkabir Ayanniyi; Abdulraheem Mahmoud; Olamide John-Sam; Rauf Rauf; David Ejeba; Rosita Akasike-Enuh; Oluwatosin Bisiriyu; Margaret Afam-Osemene; Eunice Chijioke; Amos Damter; Linus Agwadu

Authors

Abdulkabir Ayanniyi University of Abuja and University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja
Abdulraheem Mahmoud Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
Olamide John-Sam Department of Ophthalmology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
Rauf Rauf Department of Statistics, University of Abuja, PMB 117, Abuja, Nigeria
David Ejeba Department of Ophthalmology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
Rosita Akasike-Enuh Department of Ophthalmology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
Oluwatosin Bisiriyu Department of Ophthalmology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
Margaret Afam-Osemene Department of Ophthalmology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
Eunice Chijioke Department of Ophthalmology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
Amos Damter Department of Ophthalmology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
Linus Agwadu Department of Ophthalmology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria

Keywords:

Primary open angle glaucoma, Nigeria, features of glaucoma

Abstract

Background: Disease profiles have value in education and management. This study determined and compared clinico-sociodemographic profiles of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) with non-glaucoma eye patients.

Methods: A survey of 235 adult eye patients (96 POAG and 135 non-glaucoma) on age, gender, education, vocation, ethnicity, family history of glaucoma, ocular itching, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, visual acuity, central visual field, cup disc ratio, anterior chamber angle assessment, and intraocular pressure.

Results: Mean age 49.88+13.75 years, (114/235, 48.5%) males; (74/96, 77%) POAG were in the age range 40 - 69. POAG comprised 42 ethnics with Igbo (24/96, 25.0%) and Yoruba (20/96, 20.8%) being most common. The POAG (73/96, 76.0%) had varied visual impairment. The POAG versus (v) non-glaucoma includes: positive family history of glaucoma (34/94, 36.2%) v (25/133, 18.8%) (P=0.012); history of diabetes mellitus (8/96, 8.3%) v (6/139, 4.3%); hypertension (24/96, 25.0%) v (28/139, 20.1%); combined diabetes mellitus and hypertension (1/96, 1%) v (4/139, 2.9%), (P=0.268); antidiabetic drugs (5/96, 5.2%) v (7/139, 5.0%); antihypertensives drugs (24/96, 25.0%) v (23/139, 16.5%); combined antidiabetic and antihypertensive drugs (4/96, 4.2%) v (5/139, 3.6%), P=0.328; ocular itching (18/96, 18.7%) v (37/139, 26.5%), P=0.328; visual impairment (51/96, 53.13% RE; 60/96, 62.5% LE) v (40/139, 28.7% RE, 37/139, 26.62% LE), P=0.000; vertical cup disc ratio > 0.4 (96/96, 100% RE; 96/96, 100% LE) v (131/139, 94.25% RE; 124/139, 89.21% LE) [RE, P=0.307; LE, P=0.006]; intraocular pressure > 22mmHg (17/96, 17.71% RE; 22/96, 22.92% LE) v (2/139, 1.44% RE; 2/139, 1.44 % LE), P=0.006. POAG (60/96, 62.5%) were on antiglaucoma drugs and (23/96, 24%) were yet to commence medication, P=0.000. POAG (32/96, 33.3%) were on combination antiglaucoma drugs of beta blockers, prostaglandin inhibitors and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.

Conclusion: Primary open angle glaucoma has distinguishing clinico-sociodemographic features. Igbo and Yoruba were predominant ethnics especially in the glaucoma population.

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